Associates of Bone Mineral Density in Older African Americans

Overview

Journal J Natl Med Assoc

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2004 Dec 30

PMID 15622691

Citations 5

Authors

John Robbins

Calvin Hirsch

Jane Cauley

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To assess correlates of bone mineral density (BMD) in older African Americans.

Participants: 189 women and 115 men over age 64.

Methods: Variables investigated: BMD by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), medications, cardiovascular disease risk factors, demographic, lifestyle factors and functional status. Variables showing univariate correlation with BMD (p < or = 0.1) were entered into sex-stratified linear regression models.

Results: Age range 67-96 (mean 75). The mean BMD (gm/ cm2 +/- standard deviation) is reported for three sites. Total body: 1.03 (+/- 0.12) in women, 1.21 (+/- 0.11) in men. Spine: 1.05 (+/- 0.24) in women, 1.22 (+/- 0.26) in men. Total hip: 0.85 (+/- 0.15) in women, 1.04 (+/- 0.17) in men. Gender was significantly associated with BMD (t-test, p < 0.001). The R2 for tested variables were highly significant only for weight. Age was only significant for total hip in women (p < 0.05). Each kilogram of weight change was associated with a 5.3-6.8 mg/cm2 change in BMD.

Conclusions: In a population-based cohort of older African Americans, average BMD was significantly greater in men than women. Weight accounted for most of the explained variability (R2) in BMD; age added little to the overall R2. Lower-weight, older African-American men and women are at significantly increased risk for low BMD and, thus, likely to be at greater risk for osteoporotic fracture.

Citing Articles

Women Build Long Bones With Less Cortical Mass Relative to Body Size and Bone Size Compared With Men.

Jepsen K, Bigelow E, Schlecht S Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015; 473(8):2530-9.

PMID: 25690167 PMC: 4488191. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4184-2.

A critical review of racial/ethnic variables in osteoporosis and bone density research.

Megyesi M, Hunt L, Brody H Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22(6):1669-79.

PMID: 21207012 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1503-z.

Correlates of bone mineral density among postmenopausal women of African Caribbean ancestry: Tobago women's health study.

Hill D, Cauley J, Bunker C, Baker C, Patrick A, Beckles G Bone. 2008; 43(1):156-161.

PMID: 18448413 PMC: 2519239. DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.03.005.

Correlates of bone mineral density in men of African ancestry: the Tobago bone health study.

Hill D, Cauley J, Sheu Y, Bunker C, Patrick A, Baker C Osteoporos Int. 2007; 19(2):227-34.

PMID: 17874032 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-007-0450-9.

Treatment of osteoporosis with TheraCyte-encapsulated parathyroid cells: a study in a rat model.

Chou F, Huang S, Chen S, Wang P, Huang P, Lu K Osteoporos Int. 2006; 17(6):936-41.

PMID: 16596462 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0080-7.

References

Andresen E, Malmgren J, Carter W, Patrick D . Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Am J Prev Med. 1994; 10(2):77-84. View

Black D, Reiss T, Nevitt M, Cauley J, Karpf D, Cummings S . Design of the Fracture Intervention Trial. Osteoporos Int. 1993; 3 Suppl 3:S29-39. DOI: 10.1007/BF01623005. View

Orwoll E, Bauer D, Vogt T, Fox K . Axial bone mass in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124(2):187-96. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00001. View

Ross P . Osteoporosis. Frequency, consequences, and risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156(13):1399-411. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.156.13.1399. View

Karagas M, Lu-Yao G, Barrett J, Beach M, Baron J . Heterogeneity of hip fracture: age, race, sex, and geographic patterns of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures among the US elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1996; 143(7):677-82. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008800. View

Aspray T, Prentice A, Cole T, Sawo Y, Reeve J, Francis R . Low bone mineral content is common but osteoporotic fractures are rare in elderly rural Gambian women. J Bone Miner Res. 1996; 11(7):1019-25. DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650110720. View

Devine A, Dick I, Heal S, Criddle R, Prince R . A 4-year follow-up study of the effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in elderly postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 1997; 7(1):23-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF01623455. View

Lewinsohn P, Seeley J, Roberts R, Allen N . Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults. Psychol Aging. 1997; 12(2):277-87. DOI: 10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.277. View

Ensrud K, Lipschutz R, Cauley J, Seeley D, Nevitt M, Scott J . Body size and hip fracture risk in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Am J Med. 1997; 103(4):274-80. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00025-9. View

10.

Looker A, Orwoll E, JOHNSTON Jr C, Lindsay R, Wahner H, Dunn W . Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res. 1998; 12(11):1761-8. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1761. View

11.

Aloia J, Vaswani A, Flaster E . Discordance between ultrasound of the calcaneus and bone mineral density in black and white women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998; 62(6):481-5. DOI: 10.1007/s002239900465. View

12.

Looker A, Wahner H, Dunn W, Calvo M, Harris T, Heyse S . Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int. 1998; 8(5):468-89. DOI: 10.1007/s001980050093. View

13.

Barrett J, Baron J, Karagas M, Beach M . Fracture risk in the U.S. Medicare population. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999; 52(3):243-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00167-x. View

14.

Dibba B, Prentice A, Laskey M, Stirling D, Cole T . An investigation of ethnic differences in bone mineral, hip axis length, calcium metabolism and bone turnover between West African and Caucasian adults living in the United Kingdom. Ann Hum Biol. 1999; 26(3):229-42. DOI: 10.1080/030144699282732. View

15.

Sebastian A . Thiazides and bone. Am J Med. 2000; 109(5):429-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00582-9. View

16.

Frost H . The Utah paradigm of skeletal physiology: an overview of its insights for bone, cartilage and collagenous tissue organs. J Bone Miner Metab. 2000; 18(6):305-16. DOI: 10.1007/s007740070001. View

17.

Robbins J, Hirsch C, Whitmer R, Cauley J, Harris T . The association of bone mineral density and depression in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001; 49(6):732-6. DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49149.x. View

18.

Melton III L, Marquez M, Achenbach S, Tefferi A, OConnor M, OFallon W . Variations in bone density among persons of African heritage. Osteoporos Int. 2002; 13(7):551-9. DOI: 10.1007/s001980200072. View

19.

Sugiyama T, Yamaguchi A, Kawai S . Effects of skeletal loading on bone mass and compensation mechanism in bone: a new insight into the "mechanostat" theory. J Bone Miner Metab. 2002; 20(4):196-200. DOI: 10.1007/s007740200028. View

20.

van Staa T, Leufkens H, Cooper C . The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2002; 13(10):777-87. DOI: 10.1007/s001980200108. View