Comparison of Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines and Soluble Apoptosis Mediators in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Versus Without Symptoms of Depression

This clinical study compared the expression of circulating proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] and interleukin-6) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10) cytokines and soluble apoptosis mediators (Fas/Fas ligand) between patients with stable chronic heart failure and depressive symptoms (as estimated by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) (n = 15) and those without these symptoms (n = 20). Patients with depressive symptoms exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha and soluble Fas ligand, as well as significantly lower levels of interleukin-10, than patients without emotional distress. A disregulated cytokine network and activated apoptosis signaling molecules may be actively implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic emotional distress and depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure.