Bioresorbable and Bioactive Composite Materials Based on Polylactide Foams Filled with and Coated by Bioglass Particles for Tissue Engineering Applications

Poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) foams and bioactive glass (Bioglass) particles were used to form bioresorbable and bioactive composite scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering. A thermally induced phase separation process was applied to prepare highly porous PDLLA foams filled with 10 wt % Bioglass particles. Stable and homogeneous layers of Bioglass particles on the surface of the PDLLA/Bioglass composite foams as well as infiltration of Bioglass particles throughout the porous network were achieved using a slurry-dipping technique. The quality of the bioactive glass coatings was reproducible in terms of thickness and microstructure. In vitro studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed to study the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of the PDLLA/Bioglass composites, as an indication of the bioactivity of the materials. Formation of the HA layer after immersion in SBF was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The rate of HA formation in Bioglass-coated samples was higher than that observed in non-coated samples. SEM analysis showed that the HA layer thickness rapidly increased with increasing time in SBF in the Bioglass-coated samples. The high bioactivity of the developed composites suggests that the materials are attractive for use as bioactive, resorbable scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.