The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)

Overview

Journal Int J Methods Psychiatr Res

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2004 Aug 7

PMID 15297906

Citations 1969

Authors

Ronald C Kessler

T Bedirhan Ustun

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and a discussion of the methodological research on which the development of the instrument was based. The WMH-CIDI includes a screening module and 40 sections that focus on diagnoses (22 sections), functioning (four sections), treatment (two sections), risk factors (four sections), socio-demographic correlates (seven sections), and methodological factors (two sections). Innovations compared to earlier versions of the CIDI include expansion of the diagnostic sections, a focus on 12-month as well as lifetime disorders in the same interview, detailed assessment of clinical severity, and inclusion of information on treatment, risk factors, and consequences. A computer-assisted version of the interview is available along with a direct data entry software system that can be used to keypunch responses to the paper-and-pencil version of the interview. Computer programs that generate diagnoses are also available based on both ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria. Elaborate CD-ROM-based training materials are available to teach interviewers how to administer the interview as well as to teach supervisors how to monitor the quality of data collection.

Citing Articles

Patterns and predictors of 12-month treatment of common anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys: treatment in the context of perceived need.

Stein D, Vigo D, Harris M, Kazdin A, Viana M, Hwang I Int J Ment Health Syst. 2025; 19(1):10.

PMID: 40082956 PMC: 11907907. DOI: 10.1186/s13033-025-00661-1.

The Interaction Between Family Functioning and the rs9540720 Polymorphism on Major Depressive Disorder in Chinese Freshmen.

Qin Y, Hu S, Niu S, Zhang W, Sun H, Xu R Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2025; 18:515-526.

PMID: 40060108 PMC: 11890018. DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S501273.

Distribution and association of depression with tobacco consumption among middle-aged and elderly Indian population: nested multilevel modelling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey.

Kiran T, Halder P, Sharma D, Mehra A, Goel K, Behera A J Health Popul Nutr. 2025; 44(1):61.

PMID: 40033402 PMC: 11874790. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-025-00753-1.

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and HIV Risk-Related Behaviors among Young Sexual and Gender Minorities Assigned Male at Birth: the Moderating Effects of Teenage Childhood Sexual Abuse.

Hitch A, Sietins E, Mustanski B, Newcomb M AIDS Behav. 2025; .

PMID: 39998791 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-025-04661-7.

Mental health conditions of young ethiopians who use substances: a cross-sectional study in West Arsi zone.

Shifa J, Adams J, Demant D BMC Psychiatry. 2025; 25(1):151.

PMID: 39972261 PMC: 11841329. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-025-06550-8.

References

Chakrabarti S, Kulhara P, Verma S . The pattern of burden in families of neurotic patients. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1993; 28(4):172-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF00797319. View

Kessler R, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary P, McKenas D . The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003; 45(2):156-74. DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000052967.43131.51. View

Penninx B, Beekman A, Ormel J, Kriegsman D, Boeke A, van Eijk J . Psychological status among elderly people with chronic diseases: does type of disease play a part?. J Psychosom Res. 1996; 40(5):521-34. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(95)00620-6. View

Spitzer R . Diagnosis and need for treatment are not the same. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998; 55(2):120. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.2.120. View

Straus M, Hamby S, Finkelhor D, Moore D, RUNYAN D . Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse Negl. 1998; 22(4):249-70. DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00174-9. View

ROBINS L, Helzer J, Croughan J, Ratcliff K . National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981; 38(4):381-9. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001. View

Rupp A, Keith S . The costs of schizophrenia. Assessing the burden. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1993; 16(2):413-23. View

. Health care reform for Americans with severe mental illnesses: report of the National Advisory Mental Health Council. Am J Psychiatry. 1993; 150(10):1447-65. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.150.10.1447. View

Gross R, Bentur N, Elhayany A, Sherf M, Epstein L . The validity of self-reports on chronic disease: characteristics of underreporters and implications for the planning of services. Public Health Rev. 1996; 24(2):167-82. View

10.

Benjamin J, Ebstein R, Lesch K . Genes for personality traits: implications for psychopathology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001; 1(2):153-168. DOI: 10.1017/S1461145798001205. View

11.

Wittchen H . Reliability and validity studies of the WHO--Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review. J Psychiatr Res. 1994; 28(1):57-84. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1. View

12.

Pincus H, Zarin D, First M . "Clinical significance" and DSM-IV. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998; 55(12):1145; author reply 1147-8. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.12.1145. View

13.

Ormel J, Kempen G, Deeg D, Brilman E, van Sonderen E, Relyveld J . Functioning, well-being, and health perception in late middle-aged and older people: comparing the effects of depressive symptoms and chronic medical conditions. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998; 46(1):39-48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01011.x. View

14.

Berardi D, Berti Ceroni G, Leggieri G, Rucci P, Ustun B, Ferrari G . Mental, physical and functional status in primary care attenders. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1999; 29(2):133-48. DOI: 10.2190/3D0C-QREW-1M5W-VDUU. View

15.

Eaton W, Badawi M, Melton B . Prodromes and precursors: epidemiologic data for primary prevention of disorders with slow onset. Am J Psychiatry. 1995; 152(7):967-72. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.7.967. View

16.

Hays R, Wells K, Sherbourne C, Rogers W, Spritzer K . Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995; 52(1):11-9. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950130011002. View

17.

Kempen G, Sanderman R, Miedema I, Jong B, Ormel J . Functional decline after congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction and the impact of psychological attributes. A prospective study. Qual Life Res. 2000; 9(4):439-50. DOI: 10.1023/a:1008991522551. View

18.

. Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders. WHO International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. Bull World Health Organ. 2000; 78(4):413-26. PMC: 2560724. View

19.

Kempen G, Ormel J, Brilman E, Relyveld J . Adaptive responses among Dutch elderly: the impact of eight chronic medical conditions on health-related quality of life. Am J Public Health. 1997; 87(1):38-44. PMC: 1380762. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.1.38. View

20.

Regier D . Community diagnosis counts. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000; 57(3):223-4. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.3.223. View