Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection Was Not Detected Following 215 Years of Injection Drug User Exposure

Overview

Journal J Virol

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Date 2003 Dec 13

PMID 14671091

Citations 26

Authors

Rose Tsui

Belinda L Herring

Jason D Barbour

Robert M Grant

Peter Bacchetti

Alex Kral

Brian R Edlin

Eric L Delwart

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Evidence for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) superinfection was sought among 37 HIV-1-positive street-recruited active injection drug users (IDUs) from the San Francisco Bay area. HIV-1 sequences from pairs of samples collected 1 to 12 years apart, spanning a total of 215 years of exposure, were generated at p17 gag, the V3-V5 region of env, and/or the first exon of tat and phylogenetically analyzed. No evidence of HIV-1 superinfection was detected in which a highly divergent HIV-1 variant emerged at a frequency >20% of the serum viral quasispecies. Based on the reported risk behavior of the IDUs and the HIV-1 incidence in uninfected subjects in the same cohort, a total of 3.4 new infections would have been expected if existing infection conferred no protection from superinfection. Adjusted for risk behaviors, the estimated relative risk of superinfection compared with initial infection was therefore 0.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.00, 0.79; P = 0.02), indicating that existing infection conferred a statistically significant level of protection against superinfection with an HIV-1 strain of the same subtype, which was between 21 and 100%.

Citing Articles

Multiple Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Indonesia and Ukraine.

Palumbo P, Grant-McAuley W, Grabowski M, Zhang Y, Richardson P, Piwowar-Manning E J Infect Dis. 2022; 226(12):2181-2191.

PMID: 36346452 PMC: 10205628. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac441.

Harnessing Natural Mosaics: Antibody-Instructed, Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Design.

Sealy R, Dayton B, Finkelstein D, Hurwitz J Viruses. 2021; 13(5).

PMID: 34064894 PMC: 8151930. DOI: 10.3390/v13050884.

Modeling HIV Transmission from Sexually Active Alcohol-Consuming Men in ART Programs to Seronegative Wives.

Dieckhaus K, Ha T, Schensul S, Sarna A J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2020; 19:2325958220952287.

PMID: 32851898 PMC: 7457687. DOI: 10.1177/2325958220952287.

Vaccine Design Informed by Virus-Induced Immunity.

Penkert R, Hankins J, Young N, Hurwitz J Viral Immunol. 2020; 33(4):342-350.

PMID: 32366204 PMC: 7247049. DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0138.

Variable Effect of HIV Superinfection on Clinical Status: Insights From Mathematical Modeling.

Moreh A, Szilagyi A, Scheuring I, Muller V Front Microbiol. 2018; 9:1634.

PMID: 30083143 PMC: 6064737. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01634.

References

Ramos A, Hu D, Nguyen L, Vanichseni S, Promadej N, Choopanya K . Intersubtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection following seroconversion to primary infection in two injection drug users. J Virol. 2002; 76(15):7444-52. PMC: 136380. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.15.7444-7452.2002. View

Delwart E, Sheppard H, Walker B, Goudsmit J, Mullins J . Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo tracked by DNA heteroduplex mobility assays. J Virol. 1994; 68(10):6672-83. PMC: 237088. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.68.10.6672-6683.1994. View

Thompson J, Higgins D, Gibson T . CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(22):4673-80. PMC: 308517. DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. View

Zhu T, Wang N, Carr A, Wolinsky S, Ho D . Evidence for coinfection by multiple strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B in an acute seroconvertor. J Virol. 1995; 69(2):1324-7. PMC: 188714. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.69.2.1324-1327.1995. View

Petry H, Dittmer U, Stahl-Hennig C, Coulibaly C, Makoschey B, Fuchs D . Reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in macaques after simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac superinfection. J Virol. 1995; 69(3):1564-74. PMC: 188750. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.69.3.1564-1574.1995. View

Artenstein A, Vancott T, Mascola J, Carr J, Hegerich P, Gaywee J . Dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of distinct envelope subtypes in humans. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171(4):805-10. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.4.805. View

Diaz R, Sabino E, Mayer A, Mosley J, Busch M . Dual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and recombination in a dually exposed transfusion recipient. The Transfusion Safety Study Group. J Virol. 1995; 69(6):3273-81. PMC: 189038. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.69.6.3273-3281.1995. View

Michael N, Chang G, Darcy L, Tseng C, Birx D, Sheppard H . Functional characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef genes in patients with divergent rates of disease progression. J Virol. 1995; 69(11):6758-69. PMC: 189587. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.69.11.6758-6769.1995. View

Putkonen P, Walther L, Zhang Y, Li S, Nilsson C, Albert J . Long-term protection against SIV-induced disease in macaques vaccinated with a live attenuated HIV-2 vaccine. Nat Med. 1995; 1(9):914-8. DOI: 10.1038/nm0995-914. View

10.

Sala M, Pelletier E, Wain-Hobson S . HIV-1 gp120 sequences from a doubly infected drug user. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995; 11(5):653-5. DOI: 10.1089/aid.1995.11.653. View

11.

Wolinsky S, Korber B, Neumann A, Daniels M, Kunstman K, Whetsell A . Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 during the natural course of infection. Science. 1996; 272(5261):537-42. DOI: 10.1126/science.272.5261.537. View

12.

Wakrim L, Le Grand R, Vaslin B, Cheret A, Matheux F, Theodoro F . Superinfection of HIV-2-preinfected macaques after rectal exposure to a primary isolate of SIVmac251. Virology. 1996; 221(2):260-70. DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0375. View

13.

Learn Jr G, Korber B, Foley B, Hahn B, Wolinsky S, Mullins J . Maintaining the integrity of human immunodeficiency virus sequence databases. J Virol. 1996; 70(8):5720-30. PMC: 190542. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.70.8.5720-5730.1996. View

14.

Leitner T, Escanilla D, Franzen C, Uhlen M, Albert J . Accurate reconstruction of a known HIV-1 transmission history by phylogenetic tree analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(20):10864-9. PMC: 38248. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.20.10864. View

15.

Janini L, Pieniazek D, Peralta J, Schechter M, Tanuri A, Vicente A . Identification of single and dual infections with distinct subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Virus Genes. 1996; 13(1):69-81. DOI: 10.1007/BF00576981. View

16.

Takehisa J, Zekeng L, Miura T, Ido E, Yamashita M, Mboudjeka I . Triple HIV-1 infection with group O and Group M of different clades in a single Cameroonian AIDS patient. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997; 14(1):81-2. DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199701010-00015. View

17.

Borrow P, Lewicki H, Wei X, Horwitz M, Peffer N, Meyers H . Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus. Nat Med. 1997; 3(2):205-11. DOI: 10.1038/nm0297-205. View

18.

Goulder P, Phillips R, Colbert R, McAdam S, Ogg G, Nowak M . Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS. Nat Med. 1997; 3(2):212-7. DOI: 10.1038/nm0297-212. View

19.

McDonald R, Mayers D, Chung R, Wagner K, Ratto-Kim S, Birx D . Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env sequence variation in patients with diverse rates of disease progression and T-cell function. J Virol. 1997; 71(3):1871-9. PMC: 191257. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.3.1871-1879.1997. View

20.

Salminen M, Carr J, Robertson D, Hegerich P, Gotte D, Koch C . Evolution and probable transmission of intersubtype recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a Zambian couple. J Virol. 1997; 71(4):2647-55. PMC: 191386. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.4.2647-2655.1997. View