Gene Expression Profiles of Primary Breast Tumors Maintained in Distant Metastases

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 2003 Dec 11

PMID 14665696

Citations 176

Authors

Britta Weigelt

Annuska M Glas

Lodewyk F A Wessels

Anke T Witteveen

Johannes L Peterse

Laura J Vant Veer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

It has been debated for decades how cancer cells acquire metastatic capability. It is unclear whether metastases are derived from distinct subpopulations of tumor cells within the primary site with higher metastatic potential, or whether they originate from a random fraction of tumor cells. Here we show, by gene expression profiling, that human primary breast tumors are strikingly similar to the distant metastases of the same patient. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering, multidimensional scaling, and permutation testing, as well as the comparison of significantly expressed genes within a pair, reveal their genetic similarity. Our findings suggest that metastatic capability in breast cancer is an inherent feature and is not based on clonal selection.

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