Noninvasive Arrhythmia Risk Stratification in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Results of the Marburg Cardiomyopathy Study

Background: Arrhythmia risk stratification with regard to prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy is a completely unsolved issue in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC).

Methods And Results: Arrhythmia risk stratification was performed prospectively in 343 patients with IDC, including analysis of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and size by echocardiography, signal-averaged ECG, arrhythmias on Holter ECG, QTc dispersion, heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and microvolt T-wave alternans. During 52+/-21 months of follow-up, major arrhythmic events, defined as sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden death, occurred in 46 patients (13%). On multivariate analysis, LV ejection fraction was the only significant arrhythmia risk predictor in patients with sinus rhythm, with a relative risk of 2.3 per 10% decrease of ejection fraction (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.3; P=0.0001). Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter was associated with a trend toward higher arrhythmia risk (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.3; P=0.11), whereas beta-blocker therapy was associated with a trend toward lower arrhythmia risk (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.2; P=0.13). In patients with atrial fibrillation, multivariate Cox analysis also identified LV ejection fraction and absence of beta-blocker therapy as the only significant arrhythmia risk predictors.

Conclusions: Reduced LV ejection fraction and lack of beta-blocker use are important arrhythmia risk predictors in IDC, whereas signal-averaged ECG, baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, and T-wave alternans do not seem to be helpful for arrhythmia risk stratification. These findings have important implications for the design of future studies evaluating prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in IDC.