Formation and Structure of the Spore of Bacillus Coagulans

Overview

Journal J Cell Biol

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 1962 Jul 1

PMID 14481435

Citations 26

Authors

D F OHYE

W G Murrell

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Spore formation in Bacillus coagulans has been studied by electron microscopy using an epoxy resin (Araldite) embedding technique. The developmental stages from the origin of the initial spore septum to the mature spore were investigated. The two forespore membranes developed from the double layer of cytoplasmic membrane. The cortex was progressively deposited between these two membranes. The inner membrane finally became the spore protoplasmic membrane, and the outer membrane part of the inner spore coat or the outer spore coat itself. In the mature spore the completed integuments around the spore protoplasm consisted of the cortex, a laminated inner coat, and a dense outer coat. No exosporium was observed. The method of formation of the cortex and the spore coats is discussed.

Citing Articles

Milestones in sporulation research.

Riley E, Schwarz C, Derman A, Lopez-Garrido J Microb Cell. 2021; 8(1):1-16.

PMID: 33490228 PMC: 7780723. DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.01.739.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MESOSOME LOSS AND THE STABLE L STATE (OR PROTOPLAST STATE) IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS.

RYTER A, Landman O J Bacteriol. 1964; 88:457-67.

PMID: 14203364 PMC: 277322. DOI: 10.1128/jb.88.2.457-467.1964.

[ELECTRONOPTIC STUDIES ON ASCOSPORE FORMATION IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FROM A CYTOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC VIEWPOINT].

Marquardt H Arch Mikrobiol. 1963; 46:308-20.

PMID: 14092429

FINE STRUCTURE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES.

Edwards M, Stevens R J Bacteriol. 1963; 86:414-28.

PMID: 14066417 PMC: 278451. DOI: 10.1128/jb.86.3.414-428.1963.

The composition and structure of bacterial spores.

Warth A, OHYE D, Murrell W J Cell Biol. 1963; 16:579-92.

PMID: 13999018 PMC: 2106236. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.16.3.579.

References

GLAUERT A, GLAUERT R, ROGERS G . A new embedding medium for electron microscopy. Nature. 1956; 178(4537):803. DOI: 10.1038/178803a0. View

HANNAY C . Crystalline inclusions in aerobic spore-forming bacteria. Nature. 1953; 172(4387):1004. DOI: 10.1038/1721004a0. View

Hashimoto T, Naylor H . Studies of the fine structure of microorganisms. II. Electron microscopic studies on sporulation of Clostridium sporogenes. J Bacteriol. 1958; 75(6):647-53. PMC: 290130. DOI: 10.1128/jb.75.6.647-653.1958. View

Chapman G . Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of bacteria. II. Sporulation of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus. J Bacteriol. 1956; 71(3):348-55. PMC: 357802. DOI: 10.1128/jb.71.3.348-355.1956. View

Robinow C . Spore structure as revealed by thin sections. J Bacteriol. 1953; 66(3):300-11. PMC: 357146. DOI: 10.1128/jb.66.3.300-311.1953. View

Chapman G, Hillier J . Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of bacteria I. Cellular division in Bacillus cereus. J Bacteriol. 1953; 66(3):362-73. PMC: 357155. DOI: 10.1128/jb.66.3.362-373.1953. View

GILBY A, FEW A, McQUILLEN K . The chemical composition of the protoplast membrane of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1958; 29(1):21-9. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(58)90141-0. View

KNAYSI G, BAKER R, Hillier J . A Study, with the High-Voltage Electron Microscope, of the Endospore and Life Cycle of Bacillus mycoides. J Bacteriol. 1947; 53(5):525-37. PMC: 518351. DOI: 10.1128/jb.53.5.525-537.1947. View

Takagi A, Kawata T, Yamamoto S . Electron microscope studies on ultrathin sections of spores of the Clostridium group, with special reference to the sporulation and germination process. J Bacteriol. 1960; 80:37-46. PMC: 278813. DOI: 10.1128/jb.80.1.37-46.1960. View

10.

HANNAY C . Fowler's bacillus and its parasporal body. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1961; 9:285-98. PMC: 2224995. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.9.2.285. View

11.

BARTHOLOMEW J, Clare P . Parasporal bodies of bacillus spores. J Bacteriol. 1956; 71(2):158-61. PMC: 357758. DOI: 10.1128/jb.71.2.158-161.1956. View

12.

Kellenberger E, RYTER A, SECHAUD J . Electron microscope study of DNA-containing plasms. II. Vegetative and mature phage DNA as compared with normal bacterial nucleoids in different physiological states. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1958; 4(6):671-8. PMC: 2224514. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.4.6.671. View

13.

Tokuyasu K, Yamada E . Fine structure of Bacillus subtilis. I. Fixation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1959; 5(1):123-8. PMC: 2224628. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.5.1.123. View

14.

Young I, Fitz-James P . Chemical and morphological studies of bacterial spore formation. II. Spore and parasporal protein formation in Bacillus cereus var. alesti. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1959; 6:483-98. PMC: 2224684. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.6.3.483. View

15.

Fitz-James P, Young I . Morphological and chemical studies of the spores and parasporal bodies of Bacillus laterosporus. J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1958; 4(5):639-49. PMC: 2224558. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.4.5.639. View

16.

WEIBULL C, Bergstrom L . The chemical nature of the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall of Bacillus megaterium, strain M. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1958; 30(2):340-51. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(58)90059-3. View

17.

Young I, James P . Chemical and morphological studies of bacterial spore formation. IV. The development of spore refractility. J Cell Biol. 1962; 12:115-33. PMC: 2106011. DOI: 10.1083/jcb.12.1.115. View

18.

HANNAY C, Fitz-James P . The protein crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Can J Microbiol. 1955; 1(8):694-710. DOI: 10.1139/m55-083. View

19.

STRANGE R, Dark F . A cell-wall lytic enzyme associated with spores of Bacillus species. J Gen Microbiol. 1957; 16(1):236-49. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-16-1-236. View

20.

Chapman G, ZWORYKIN K . Study of germinating Bacillus cereus spores employing television microscopy of living cells and electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. J Bacteriol. 1957; 74(2):126-32. PMC: 289901. DOI: 10.1128/jb.74.2.126-132.1957. View