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Elimination of Behavior of Mental Patients by Response-produced Extinction

Overview
Journal J Exp Anal Behav
Specialties Psychology
Social Sciences
Date 1963 Jul 1
PMID 13961498
Citations 33
Authors
W C HOLZ
N H Azrin
T Ayllon
Affiliations
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Abstract

Mental hospital patients were conditioned to respond at a high rate. Then an attempt was made to eliminate the response by means of a mild punishment consisting of a period of timeout from reinforcement (response-produced extinction). When only one response was available for obtaining the reinforcement, the mild punishment was not effective in eliminating that response. When an alternative response was also made available for obtaining the reinforcement, the mild punishment was completely effective. It appears that even very mild punishment may be effective if the over-all frequency of reinforcement can be maintained by means of an alternative unpunished response.

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References
1.
Hutchinson R, Azrin N . Conditioning of mental-hospital patients to fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961; 4:87-95. PMC: 1404052. DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-87. View
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Reynolds G . Behavioral contrast. J Exp Anal Behav. 1961; 4:57-71. PMC: 1403981. DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1961.4-57. View
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Azrin N . Sequential effects of punishment. Science. 1960; 131(3400):605-6. DOI: 10.1126/science.131.3400.605. View