Glucocorticoids Have Opposite Effects on Ornithine Decarboxylase and Cell Growth in Pancreatic Acinar AR42J Cells

This paper reviews the relationships between the effects of glucocorticoids on rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cell polyamine levels and cellular growth and differentiation. Glucocorticoids inhibit the growth of AR42J cells. Glucocorticoids either stimulate or inhibit the formation of polyamines in a variety of cell types. Cells require polyamines for normal growth. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that polyamines mediate the effects of glucocorticoids on AR42J cells. First, to confirm that AR42J cells required polyamines for growth we examined the effects of inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). ODC is the most important and generally rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the polyamines. As expected, the ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) inhibited AR42J cell DNA synthesis, and the addition of exogenous putrescine reversed this effect. The levels of growth inhibition by glucocorticoids and DFMO treatment were similar. Second, we examined the effects of glucocorticoids on ODC. Surprisingly, glucocorticoids increased levels of AR42J cell ODC mRNA, ODC activity, and putrescine. Glucocorticoids increased these parameters over a similar time-course as they decreased DNA synthesis. Analog specificity studies indicated that a glucocorticoid receptor mediated both the growth inhibitory and ODC stimulatory effects. Dose-response studies indicated, however, that growth inhibition was more sensitive to dexamethasone (DEX) than were ODC levels. Therefore, polyamines do not account for the effects of glucocorticoids on AR42J cell growth. In these cells, glucocorticoids have opposite and independent effects on ODC and growth.