Profile of Geriatric Patients Under DOTS in Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme

Background: With an increase in life expectancy and the resultant elderly population, there has been an increase in the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases including those in geriatric age as well. However using Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course (DOTS), all categories of TB patients have been sucessfully treated within the country. A need was felt to study the profile of geriatric TB patients under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).

Methods: A retrospective study of 7439 patients enrolled under DOTS from January 1996 to March 2001 was carried out in a tertiary care referral institute in Delhi and the profile was analysed in terms of the gender, type of TB and ratio of sputum smear-positive to negative patients for both the younger and geriatric age groups. Further, treatment outcomes of the two age groups were analysed and compared for the 2655 new sputum smear patients.

Results: The male : female ratio of 315 geriatric TB patients enrolled under DOTS was observed to be 3 : 1 as against the 1.4 : 1 in younger TB patients. The occurrence of pulmonary TB was significantly higher than extra-pulmonary TB in geriatric age group (16:1) as compared to the younger age group (4:1). The ratio of new smear-positive to smear-negative patients was almost similar in the two age groups. Further, the treatment outcomes of new smear-positive geriatric TB patients in comparison to younger TB patients showed significantly lower sputum conversion (75.3% vs 85.7% respectively) and cure rates (69.2% vs 80.7% respectively), significantly higher exclusion rates from DOTS (2.3% vs 0.15% respectively) and relatively higher default and treatment failure rates.

Conclusions: The present study has identified certain issues in the Indian TB patients of geriatric age. These include a lower reported prevalence amongst females, poor sputum conversion as well as cure rates and higher exclusion as well as default rates. Further studies are needed to address the issues under operational conditions of Indian RNTCP.