Cavernous Sinus Fistulas: Carotid Cavernous Fistulas and Dural Arteriovenous Malformations
Overview
Affiliations
Direct and indirect carotid cavernous sinus fistulas are uncommon vascular anomalies that result in increased pressure in the cavernous sinus. The subsequent changes in blood flow lead to orbital venous congestion, cranial neuropathies, and glaucoma. The following review summarizes knowledge of the clinical features, natural history, diagnostic testing, and therapy for carotid cavernous sinus fistulas.
Retinal arterial-venous pulse delay: a new specific marker for a carotid-cavernous fistula.
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PMID: 38983038 PMC: 11182162. DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1301410.
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Unilateral Proptosis, Redness, Diplopia, and Numbness in a Young Woman.
Ali M, Jones S, Moss H JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016; 134(11):1325-1326.
PMID: 27607235 PMC: 5527998. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2129.
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PMID: 26639150 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-015-0607-0.