» Articles » PMID: 12902296

Infectious Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts in Final Reclaimed Effluent

Overview
Date 2003 Aug 7
PMID 12902296
Citations 12
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Water samples collected throughout several reclamation facilities were analyzed for the presence of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum by the focus detection method-most-probable-number cell culture technique. Results revealed the presence of infectious C. parvum oocysts in 40% of the final disinfected effluent samples. Sampled effluent contained on average seven infectious oocysts per 100 liters. Thus, reclaimed water is not pathogen free but contains infectious C. parvum.

Citing Articles

Wastewater-based epidemiology-surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.

Zahedi A, Monis P, Deere D, Ryan U Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(12):4167-4188.

PMID: 33409629 PMC: 7787619. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-07023-5.


Prevalence of and in vegetables in Iran: a nineteen-years meta-analysis review.

Javanmard E, Mirsamadi E, Olfatifar M, Ghasemi E, Saki F, Mirjalali H J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2020; 18(2):1629-1641.

PMID: 33312667 PMC: 7721826. DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00493-w.


The occurrence of sp., and eggs of soil-transmitted helminths in market vegetables in the north of Iran.

Taghipour A, Javanmard E, Haghighi A, Mirjalali H, Zali M Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2019; 12(4):364-369.

PMID: 31749926 PMC: 6820843.


Risk-based enteric pathogen reduction targets for non-potable and direct potable use of roof runoff, stormwater, and greywater.

Schoen M, Ashbolt N, Jahne M, Garland J Microb Risk Anal. 2019; 5:32-43.

PMID: 31534999 PMC: 6750756. DOI: 10.1016/j.mran.2017.01.002.


Assessing viability and infectivity of foodborne and waterborne stages (cysts/oocysts) of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii: a review of methods.

Rousseau A, La Carbona S, Dumetre A, Robertson L, Gargala G, Escotte-Binet S Parasite. 2018; 25:14.

PMID: 29553366 PMC: 5858526. DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018009.


References
1.
Dietz V, Roberts J . National surveillance for infection with Cryptosporidium parvum, 1995-1998: what have we learned?. Public Health Rep. 2000; 115(4):358-63. PMC: 1308577. DOI: 10.1093/phr/115.4.358. View

2.
Slifko T, Huffman D, Rose J . A most-probable-number assay for enumeration of infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999; 65(9):3936-41. PMC: 99723. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.9.3936-3941.1999. View

3.
Mac Kenzie W, Hoxie N, Proctor M, Gradus M, Blair K, Peterson D . A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331(3):161-7. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199407213310304. View

4.
Simmons 3rd O, Sobsey M, Heaney C, Schaefer 3rd F, Francy D . Concentration and detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in surface water samples by method 1622 using ultrafiltration and capsule filtration. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001; 67(3):1123-7. PMC: 92704. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1123-1127.2001. View