Chemokines and Antitumor Immunity: Walking the Tightrope

Chemokines play an important role in the generation of the immune system and in virtually every aspect of an immune response. The role of chemokines in antitumor immunity has been less straightforward to discern. A dichotomy exists in the field. One area of research has focused on the impact of tumor-derived chemokines, implicating them in everything from metastases to immune suppression. Another area of research has been dedicated to the introduction of chemokines into tumor cells in order to facilitate immune cell recruitment. In this review these two areas of investigation will be explored.