TOX Defines a Conserved Subfamily of HMG-box Proteins

Overview

Journal BMC Genomics

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Genetics

Date 2003 Apr 17

PMID 12697058

Citations 66

Authors

Emmett OFlaherty

Jonathan Kaye

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: HMG-box proteins are a large and diverse superfamily of architectural factors that share one or more copies of a sequence- and structurally-related DNA binding domain. These proteins can modify chromatin structure by bending and unwinding DNA. HMG-box proteins can be divided into two subfamilies based on whether they recognize DNA in a sequence-dependent or sequence-independent manner. We recently identified an HMG-box protein involved in T cell development, designated TOX, which is highly conserved in humans and mice.

Results: We show here that based on sequence alignment, TOX best fits into the sequence-independent HMG-box family. Three other human and murine predicted proteins are identified that share a common HMG-box domain with TOX, as well as other features. The gene encoding one of these additional family members has a distinct but overlapping pattern of tissue expression when compared to TOX. In addition, we identify genes encoding predicted TOX HMG-box subfamily members in pufferfish and mosquito.

Conclusions: We have identified a novel subfamily of HMG-box proteins that is related to the recently described TOX protein. The highly conserved nature of the TOX family of proteins in humans and mice and differences in the pattern of expression between family members suggest non-overlapping functions of individual proteins. In addition, our data suggest that the TOX subtype of HMG-box domain first appeared in invertebrates, was duplicated in early vertebrates and likely took on new functions in mammalian species.

Citing Articles

TCF-1 and TOX regulate the memory formation of intestinal group 2 innate lymphoid cells in asthma.

Bao K, Gu X, Song Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Yu X Nat Commun. 2024; 15(1):7850.

PMID: 39245681 PMC: 11381517. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52252-2.

TOX2 nuclear-cytosol translocation is linked to leukemogenesis of acute T-cell leukemia by repressing TIM3 transcription.

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PMID: 39080376 PMC: 11519604. DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01352-z.

Transcription factor Tox2 is required for metabolic adaptation and tissue residency of ILC3 in the gut.

Das A, Martinez-Ruiz G, Bouladoux N, Stacy A, Moraly J, Vega-Sendino M Immunity. 2024; 57(5):1019-1036.e9.

PMID: 38677292 PMC: 11096055. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.001.

Microfluidics-enabled fluorinated assembly of EGCG-ligands-siTOX nanoparticles for synergetic tumor cells and exhausted t cells regulation in cancer immunotherapy.

Han X, Zhang G, Wu X, Xu S, Liu J, Wang K J Nanobiotechnology. 2024; 22(1):90.

PMID: 38439048 PMC: 10910710. DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02328-4.

Tox4 regulates transcriptional elongation and reinitiation during murine T cell development.

Wang T, Zhao R, Zhi J, Liu Z, Wu A, Yang Z Commun Biol. 2023; 6(1):613.

PMID: 37286708 PMC: 10247741. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04992-y.

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