Effortful Control: Factor Structure and Relation to Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors

Overview

Journal J Abnorm Child Psychol

Publisher Springer

Date 2002 Oct 31

PMID 12403153

Citations 140

Authors

Kathleen T Murray

Grazyna Kochanska

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Effortful control, a temperamentally based ability to inhibit a dominant response and activate a subdominant response, was assessed on 3 occasions using a comprehensive, age-appropriate behavioral battery in this 4-year longitudinal study of children (N = 103) from toddlerhood to early school age. The focus was twofold: to explore the structure of effortful control in a normally developing sample and to examine the relations between effortful control and adaptive functioning. Exploratory factor analyses supported the contention that effortful control is a complex, multidimensional construct with longitudinally stable factors. Effortful control was also significantly associated with mother-reported total behavior problems in a nonlinear fashion, with lower and higher levels of effortful control contributing to higher total problem scores. These findings have implications for the assessment of temperament in children and, most importantly, for the study of nonlinear contributions of temperament to early childhood behaviors.

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