Clinical Outcome of Endoscopic Aspiration Mucosectomy for Early Stage Gastric Cancer

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection is an established treatment option for early stage gastric cancer. However, several problems with endoscopic mucosal resection remain to be solved, such as appropriate treatment for recurrence and incomplete tumor resection. The outcome for patients undergoing endoscopic aspiration mucosectomy (endoscopic mucosal resection) by a modification of the cap-fitted technique was evaluated retrospectively to determine factors associated with complete resection and tumor recurrence.

Methods: Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed in 106 patients with early stage gastric cancers up to 20 mm in diameter that were well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. All were superficial lesions without ulceration, distinct signs of submucosal invasion, or a poorly demarcated border. En bloc (tumors <10 mm in diameter) or piecemeal (tumors 10-20 mm in diameter) resection was performed. Follow-up endoscopy was performed at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and thereafter once per year. Outcome and factors associated with complete resection and tumor recurrence were assessed retrospectively.

Results: Sixty-eight patients (64%) underwent en bloc resection and 38 (36%) piecemeal resection. The mean longest dimension (SD) of the resected lesions was significantly greater after piecemeal resection (12.3 [4.0] mm) than after en bloc resection (7.6 [4.0] mm; p < 0.01). In patients with tumors completely resected, there was no recurrence after either en bloc or piecemeal resection. Six of 8 patients found to have submucosal invasion after endoscopic mucosal resection underwent surgery. Patients with incompletely resected intramucosal lesions underwent additional endoscopic treatment. Cancer recurred in 3 patients (2.8%), all of whom had lesions measuring more than 15 mm in diameter.

Conclusions: Endoscopic mucosal resection is safe and useful for the management of early stage gastric cancer. Further improvement in outcome requires more accurate preoperative diagnosis and postoperative histopathologic evaluation. Patients with incompletely resected lesions should undergo aggressive additional treatment.