Interactions of Human Organic Anion Transporters and Human Organic Cation Transporters with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions of human organic anion transporters (hOATs) and human organic cation transporters (hOCTs) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using cells stably expressing hOATs and hOCTs. NSAIDs tested were acetaminophen, acetylsalicylate, salicylate, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, phenacetin, and sulindac. These NSAIDs inhibited organic anion uptake mediated by hOAT1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4. By comparing the IC(50) values of NSAIDs for hOATs, it was found that hOAT1 and hOAT3 exhibited higher affinity interactions with NSAIDs than did hOAT2 and hOAT4. HOAT1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4 mediated the uptake of either ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, or salicylate, but not acetylsalicylate. Although organic cation uptake mediated by hOCT1 and hOCT2 was also inhibited by some NSAIDs, hOCT1 and hOCT2 did not mediate the uptake of NSAIDs. In conclusion, hOATs and hOCTs interacted with various NSAIDs, whereas hOATs but not hOCTs mediated the transport of some of these NSAIDs. Considering the localization of hOATs, it was suggested that the interactions of hOATs with NSAIDs are associated with the pharmacokinetics and the induction of adverse reactions of NSAIDs.