Risk to Human Health from a Plethora of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses in Primate Bushmeat

Overview

Journal Emerg Infect Dis

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2002 May 9

PMID 11996677

Citations 98

Authors

Martine Peeters

Valerie Courgnaud

Bernadette Abela

Philippe Auzel

Xavier Pourrut

Frederic Bibollet-Ruche

Severin Loul

Florian Liegeois

Cristelle Butel

Denis Koulagna

Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole

George M Shaw

Beatrice H Hahn

Eric Delaporte

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

To assess human exposure to Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in west central Africa, we looked for SIV infection in 788 monkeys that were hunted in the rainforests of Cameroon for bushmeat or kept as pets. Serologic reactivity suggesting SIV infection was found in 13 of 16 primate species, including 4 not previously known to harbor SIV. Overall, 131 sera (16.6%) reacted strongly and an additional 34 (4.3%) reacted weakly with HIV antigens. Molecular analysis identified five new phylogenetic SIV lineages. These data document for the first time that a substantial proportion of wild monkeys in Cameroon are SIV infected and that humans who hunt and handle bushmeat are exposed to a plethora of genetically highly divergent viruses.

Citing Articles

Pandemic-Proofing: Intercepting Zoonotic Spillover Events.

Bhatia B, Sonar S, Khan S, Bhattacharya J Pathogens. 2025; 13(12.

PMID: 39770327 PMC: 11728701. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13121067.

Zoonotic pathogens in wild Asian primates: a systematic review highlighting research gaps.

Patouillat L, Hambuckers A, Adi Subrata S, Garigliany M, Brotcorne F Front Vet Sci. 2024; 11:1386180.

PMID: 38993279 PMC: 11238137. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1386180.

The One Health Concept.

Pitt S, Gunn A Br J Biomed Sci. 2024; 81:12366.

PMID: 38434675 PMC: 10902059. DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.12366.

Bushmeat, wet markets, and the risks of pandemics: Exploring the nexus through systematic review of scientific disclosures.

Peros C, Dasgupta R, Kumar P, Johnson B Environ Sci Policy. 2022; 124:1-11.

PMID: 36536884 PMC: 9751798. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.05.025.

Zootherapy as a potential pathway for zoonotic spillover: a mixed-methods study of the use of animal products in medicinal and cultural practices in Nigeria.

Friant S, Bonwitt J, Ayambem W, Ifebueme N, Alobi A, Otukpa O One Health Outlook. 2022; 4(1):5.

PMID: 35216623 PMC: 8881094. DOI: 10.1186/s42522-022-00060-3.

References

Huet T, Cheynier R, Meyerhans A, Roelants G, Wain-Hobson S . Genetic organization of a chimpanzee lentivirus related to HIV-1. Nature. 1990; 345(6273):356-9. DOI: 10.1038/345356a0. View

Sharp P, Bailes E, Chaudhuri R, Rodenburg C, Santiago M, Hahn B . The origins of acquired immune deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when?. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001; 356(1410):867-76. PMC: 1088480. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0863. View

Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann J, Rey F, Nugeyre M, Chamaret S, Gruest J . Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science. 1983; 220(4599):868-71. DOI: 10.1126/science.6189183. View

Georges-Courbot M, Lu C, Makuwa M, Telfer P, Onanga R, Dubreuil G . Natural infection of a household pet red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a new simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol. 1998; 72(1):600-8. PMC: 109413. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.1.600-608.1998. View

Miura T, Sakuragi J, Kawamura M, Fukasawa M, Moriyama E, Gojobori T . Establishment of a phylogenetic survey system for AIDS-related lentiviruses and demonstration of a new HIV-2 subgroup. AIDS. 1990; 4(12):1257-61. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199012000-00012. View

Hirsch V, Olmsted R, Murphey-Corb M, Purcell R, Johnson P . An African primate lentivirus (SIVsm) closely related to HIV-2. Nature. 1989; 339(6223):389-92. DOI: 10.1038/339389a0. View

Peeters M, Fransen K, Delaporte E, Van den Haesevelde M, Gershy-Damet G, Kestens L . Isolation and characterization of a new chimpanzee lentivirus (simian immunodeficiency virus isolate cpz-ant) from a wild-captured chimpanzee. AIDS. 1992; 6(5):447-51. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199205000-00002. View

Schim van der Loeff M, Aaby P . Towards a better understanding of the epidemiology of HIV-2. AIDS. 2000; 13 Suppl A:S69-84. View

Felsenstein J . CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP. Evolution. 2017; 39(4):783-791. DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x. View

10.

Nicol I, Messinger D, Dubouch P, Bernard J, DESPORTES I, Jouffre R . Use of Old World monkeys for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome research. J Med Primatol. 1989; 18(3-4):227-36. View

11.

Clavel F, Mansinho K, Chamaret S, Guetard D, Favier V, Nina J . Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection associated with AIDS in West Africa. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316(19):1180-5. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198705073161903. View

12.

Thompson J, Higgins D, Gibson T . CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(22):4673-80. PMC: 308517. DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. View

13.

Lowenstine L, Pedersen N, Higgins J, Pallis K, UYEDA A, Marx P . Seroepidemiologic survey of captive Old-World primates for antibodies to human and simian retroviruses, and isolation of a lentivirus from sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). Int J Cancer. 1986; 38(4):563-74. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910380417. View

14.

Souquiere S, Bibollet-Ruche F, Robertson D, Makuwa M, Apetrei C, Onanga R . Wild Mandrillus sphinx are carriers of two types of lentivirus. J Virol. 2001; 75(15):7086-96. PMC: 114437. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.15.7086-7096.2001. View

15.

von Dornum M, Ruvolo M . Phylogenetic relationships of the New World monkeys (Primates, platyrrhini) based on nuclear G6PD DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1999; 11(3):459-76. DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1998.0582. View

16.

Hahn B, Shaw G, De Cock K, Sharp P . AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications. Science. 2000; 287(5453):607-14. DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5453.607. View

17.

Bibollet-Ruche F, Cuny G, Galat G, Durand J, Pourrut X, Veas F . Simian immunodeficiency virus infection in a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas): evidence for cross-species transmission from African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in the wild. J Gen Virol. 1996; 77 ( Pt 4):773-81. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-4-773. View

18.

Peeters M, Janssens W, Fransen K, Brandful J, Heyndrickx L, Koffi K . Isolation of simian immunodeficiency viruses from two sooty mangabeys in Côte d'Ivoire: virological and genetic characterization and relationship to other HIV type 2 and SIVsm/mac strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994; 10(10):1289-94. DOI: 10.1089/aid.1994.10.1289. View

19.

Courgnaud V, Pourrut X, Bibollet-Ruche F, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Bourgeois A, Delaporte E . Characterization of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus from guereza colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Cameroon: a new lineage in the nonhuman primate lentivirus family. J Virol. 2001; 75(2):857-66. PMC: 113982. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.857-866.2001. View

20.

Phillips-Conroy J, Jolly C, Petros B, Allan J, Desrosiers R . Sexual transmission of SIVagm in wild grivet monkeys. J Med Primatol. 1994; 23(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1994.tb00088.x. View