Transplant Tumor Registry: Donors with Central Nervous System Tumors1

Background: Despite 13,000 central nervous system (CNS) tumor deaths per year in the United States, CNS tumor donors comprise only 1% of cadaveric donors recovered per year. Concern about tumor transmission may be a possible reason for this very small percentage. Both the size of the candidate waiting list and the number of deaths on the waiting list are progressively increasing because of the donor shortage.

Methods: During a 96-month period, the United Network for Organ Sharing recorded 42,340 cadaver donors of whom 397 had a past history of a CNS tumor or the cause of death listed as a CNS tumor. A total of 1,220 organs were transplanted from these 397 donors. All recipients who reported a posttransplant malignancy during a mean follow-up of 36 months were identified.

Results: There was no difference in patient survival of organs from CNS tumor donors when compared to donors with no CNS tumors. CNS tumor donors were not used more often for either urgent or older recipients. A total of 39 patients reported posttransplant malignancies but none of these tumors were donor-derived. There is a wide variation in the number of CNS tumor donors utilized by individual organ procurement organizations.

Conclusions: The risk of tumor transmission from donors with CNS malignancies seems to be small. Certain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme and medulloblastoma, carry a high risk of transmission and should be avoided. The risk of tumor transmission should be weighed against the risk of the patient dying on the waiting list without a transplant.