Intracellular Stores Maintain Stable Cytosolic Ca(2+) Gradients in Epithelial Cells by Active Ca(2+) Redistribution

A stable localized region of high calcium concentration near the plasma membrane has been postulated to exist as an outcome of prolonged calcium influx and to play a crucial role in regulation of cellular life. However, the mechanism supporting this phenomenon is a perplexing problem. We show here that a sustained localized region of high cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration is formed near the plasma membrane. Calcium influx, calcium uptake by intracellular stores and calcium release from the stores are essential for this phenomenon. Our results strongly suggest that the mechanism of formation of stable calcium gradient near the plasma membrane involves a process of active redistribution-uptake of entering calcium into intracellular stores and its release from the stores toward the plasma membrane.