Caspase-mediated Cleavage of Actin-binding and SH3-domain-containing Proteins Cortactin, HS1, and HIP-55 During Apoptosis

Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton occurs during apoptosis. We found that actin-binding and Src homology 3 (SH3)-domain-containing proteins cortactin, hematopoietic-specific protein 1 (HS1), and hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1-interacting protein of 55 kDa (HIP-55, also called SH3P7 and Abp1) were degraded in a caspase-dependent manner during apoptosis. Cortactin, HS1, and HIP-55 were direct substrates of caspase 3. Cortactin and HS1 have two clusters of potential caspase cleavage sites; one is in their actin-binding domains, and the other is close to their carboxy-terminal SH3 domains. HIP-55 has one caspase recognition site, EHID(361). The HIP-55 (D361A) mutant was resistant to caspase cleavage. Cleavage of HIP-55 by caspases dissociated its actin-binding domain from its SH3 domain. The cleavage of these actin-binding and SH3 domain-containing proteins may affect cell signaling to and from the actin cytoskeleton and may be involved in the morphological change of cells during apoptosis.