Long-term Ammonium Chloride or Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment in Two Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Administration of ammonium chloride aggravates, while short-term administration of sodium or potassium bicarbonate lessens the development of polycystic kidney disease in Han:SPRD rats. We have conducted studies to determine whether the protection afforded by the administration of sodium bicarbonate is sustained and prevents development of uremia during chronic administration and whether the effects of the administration of ammonium chloride and sodium bicarbonate are also observed in a different model of polycystic kidney disease, the CD1-pcy/pcy mouse. We found that chronic administration of 200 mM sodium bicarbonate to Han:SPRD rats inhibited cystic enlargement and prevented the subsequent development of interstitial inflammation, chronic fibrosis, and uremia. We also found that, while the administration of ammonium chloride has similar effects in Han:SPRD rats and CD1-pcy/pcy mice, the administration of sodium bicarbonate is only protective in the Han:SPRD rats. This probably reflects differences in these models (predominately involvement of proximal tubules in Han:SPRD rats and of collecting ducts and distal tubules in pcy/pcy mice) and the different location and nature of the renal metabolic responses to the administration of acid or alkaline load.