[Structure, Function, and Levels of Neutrophil Elastase After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy]

Neutrophil elastase is a neutral proteinase present mainly in the azurophilic granules of segmented granulocytes, the main cells involved in the inflammatory response reaction. In our study we attempted to determine whether an enzyme such as neutrophil elastase produced by polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes could be an indicator capable of determining the degree of surgical trauma, comparing two surgical approaches, namely, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. Plasma neutrophil elastase was determined photometrically, using an immune-activation immunoassay, in 66 patients (32 patients underwent open cholecystectomy and 34 laparoscopic cholecystectomy) 1 day before surgery and 1, 3, 6 and 12 days after surgery. We established a reference range for elastase by measuring the serum elastase concentration in 48 healthy control patients. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in plasma neutrophil elastase levels was observed on days 1, 3 and 6 after surgery in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy, whereas the levels of the enzyme were almost stable in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We recorded two cases (6.2%) of respiratory tract infections in the "open" group. Neutrophil elastase is a good indicator for discriminating the severity of the surgical trauma, which is certainly more severe in laparotomy than in laparascopic cholecystectomy. Peripheral leukocyte function seems to be better preserved after laparoscopic surgery than after laparotomy.