Coronavirus Spike Proteins in Viral Entry and Pathogenesis

Overview

Journal Virology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2001 Feb 13

PMID 11162792

Citations 401

Authors

T M Gallagher

M J Buchmeier

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Citing Articles

Advance in peptide-based drug development: delivery platforms, therapeutics and vaccines.

Xiao W, Jiang W, Chen Z, Huang Y, Mao J, Zheng W Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025; 10(1):74.

PMID: 40038239 PMC: 11880366. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02107-5.

Isolation and characterization of bovine coronavirus variants with mutations in the hemagglutinin-esterase gene in dairy calves in China.

Zhao L, Wang D, Jiang H, Gu Q, Gao H, Zhang L BMC Vet Res. 2025; 21(1):92.

PMID: 39994675 PMC: 11849235. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-025-04538-w.

Identification of promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor through molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and ADMET analysis.

Sharma G, Kumar N, Sharma C, Alqahtani T, Tiruneh Y, Sultana S Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):2830.

PMID: 39843610 PMC: 11754916. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86016-9.

Role of Natural Products against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 by Inhibition of ACE-2 Receptor: A Review.

Sharma K, Devi S, Kumar D, Ali Z, Fatma N, Misra R Curr Pharm Des. 2024; 30(32):2562-2573.

PMID: 39041269 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128320161240703092622.

PK/PD investigation of antiviral host matriptase/TMPRSS2 inhibitors in cell models.

Gamba D, van Eijk N, Lanyi K, Monostory K, Steinmetzer T, Marosi A Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):16621.

PMID: 39025978 PMC: 11258351. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67633-2.

References

Luo Z, Weiss S . Roles in cell-to-cell fusion of two conserved hydrophobic regions in the murine coronavirus spike protein. Virology. 1998; 244(2):483-94. PMC: 7130564. DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9121. View

Gallagher T . A role for naturally occurring variation of the murine coronavirus spike protein in stabilizing association with the cellular receptor. J Virol. 1997; 71(4):3129-37. PMC: 191445. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.4.3129-3137.1997. View

Rao P, Kumari S, Gallagher T . Identification of a contiguous 6-residue determinant in the MHV receptor that controls the level of virion binding to cells. Virology. 1997; 229(2):336-48. PMC: 7131040. DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8446. View

Phillips J, Chua M, Lavi E, Weiss S . Pathogenesis of chimeric MHV4/MHV-A59 recombinant viruses: the murine coronavirus spike protein is a major determinant of neurovirulence. J Virol. 1999; 73(9):7752-60. PMC: 104302. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.73.9.7752-7760.1999. View

Dveksler G, Pensiero M, Dieffenbach C, Cardellichio C, Basile A, Elia P . Mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 and blocking antireceptor monoclonal antibody bind to the N-terminal domain of cellular receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993; 90(5):1716-20. PMC: 45950. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.5.1716. View

Pearce B, Hobbs M, McGraw T, Buchmeier M . Cytokine induction during T-cell-mediated clearance of mouse hepatitis virus from neurons in vivo. J Virol. 1994; 68(9):5483-95. PMC: 236949. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.68.9.5483-5495.1994. View

Saeki K, Ohtsuka N, Taguchi F . Identification of spike protein residues of murine coronavirus responsible for receptor-binding activity by use of soluble receptor-resistant mutants. J Virol. 1997; 71(12):9024-31. PMC: 230203. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.12.9024-9031.1997. View

Baric R, Yount B, Hensley L, Peel S, Chen W . Episodic evolution mediates interspecies transfer of a murine coronavirus. J Virol. 1997; 71(3):1946-55. PMC: 191277. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.71.3.1946-1955.1997. View

Godfraind C, Havaux N, Holmes K, Coutelier J . Role of virus receptor-bearing endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in preventing the spread of mouse hepatitis virus-A59 into the central nervous system. J Neurovirol. 1998; 3(6):428-34. DOI: 10.3109/13550289709031188. View

10.

Singh M, Berger B, Kim P . LearnCoil-VMF: computational evidence for coiled-coil-like motifs in many viral membrane-fusion proteins. J Mol Biol. 1999; 290(5):1031-41. PMC: 7125536. DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2796. View

11.

Sanchez C, Izeta A, Alonso S, Sola I, Balasch M, Plana-Duran J . Targeted recombination demonstrates that the spike gene of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus is a determinant of its enteric tropism and virulence. J Virol. 1999; 73(9):7607-18. PMC: 104288. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.73.9.7607-7618.1999. View

12.

Fazakerley J, Parker S, BLOOM F, Buchmeier M . The V5A13.1 envelope glycoprotein deletion mutant of mouse hepatitis virus type-4 is neuroattenuated by its reduced rate of spread in the central nervous system. Virology. 1992; 187(1):178-88. PMC: 7131170. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90306-a. View

13.

Krueger D, Kelly S, Lewicki D, Ruffolo R, Gallagher T . Variations in disparate regions of the murine coronavirus spike protein impact the initiation of membrane fusion. J Virol. 2001; 75(6):2792-802. PMC: 115904. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.6.2792-2802.2001. View

14.

Wang F, Fleming J, Lai M . Sequence analysis of the spike protein gene of murine coronavirus variants: study of genetic sites affecting neuropathogenicity. Virology. 1992; 186(2):742-9. PMC: 7131202. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90041-m. View

15.

Kubo H, Yamada Y, Taguchi F . Localization of neutralizing epitopes and the receptor-binding site within the amino-terminal 330 amino acids of the murine coronavirus spike protein. J Virol. 1994; 68(9):5403-10. PMC: 236940. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.68.9.5403-5410.1994. View

16.

Skehel J, Wiley D . Coiled coils in both intracellular vesicle and viral membrane fusion. Cell. 1999; 95(7):871-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81710-9. View

17.

Sturman L, Ricard C, Holmes K . Conformational change of the coronavirus peplomer glycoprotein at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C correlates with virus aggregation and virus-induced cell fusion. J Virol. 1990; 64(6):3042-50. PMC: 249489. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.64.6.3042-3050.1990. View

18.

Gallagher T, Escarmis C, Buchmeier M . Alteration of the pH dependence of coronavirus-induced cell fusion: effect of mutations in the spike glycoprotein. J Virol. 1991; 65(4):1916-28. PMC: 240014. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.65.4.1916-1928.1991. View

19.

Kuo L, Godeke G, Raamsman M, Masters P, Rottier P . Retargeting of coronavirus by substitution of the spike glycoprotein ectodomain: crossing the host cell species barrier. J Virol. 2000; 74(3):1393-406. PMC: 111474. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.3.1393-1406.2000. View