Basic Mechanisms of Stroke Prevention with Lipid-lowering Therapy

Overview

Journal Curr Atheroscler Rep

Publisher Springer

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2000 Dec 21

PMID 11122735

Citations 1

Authors

R S Rosenson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Cholesterol-lowering therapy has not been considered an important risk factor for stroke; however, lipid-lowering therapies reduce cerebrovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The basic mechanisms of cerebrovascular protection have emphasized reduced atheroemboli from the left ventricle and aortic arch, delayed carotid artery disease progression, stabilization of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque, and improvement in cerebral blood flow.

Citing Articles

SPARCL: statin therapy for stroke patients is not crystal clear.

Rosenson R Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008; 9(3):213-5.

PMID: 18241615 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-007-0021-8.

References

Laufs U, La Fata V, Plutzky J, Liao J . Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation. 1998; 97(12):1129-35. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.12.1129. View

Rosenson R . Biological basis for statin therapy in stroke prevention. Curr Opin Neurol. 2000; 13(1):57-62. DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200002000-00011. View

Ridker P, Rifai N, Pfeffer M, Sacks F, Braunwald E . Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation. 1999; 100(3):230-5. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.3.230. View

Ross R . Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340(2):115-26. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207. View

Lee R, Libby P . The unstable atheroma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997; 17(10):1859-67. DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.10.1859. View

. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994; 344(8934):1383-9. View

Steinberg D . Low density lipoprotein oxidation and its pathobiological significance. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272(34):20963-6. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.34.20963. View

Zarins C, Giddens D, Bharadvaj B, Sottiurai V, MABON R, Glagov S . Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. Circ Res. 1983; 53(4):502-14. DOI: 10.1161/01.res.53.4.502. View

Huang Z, Huang P, Panahian N, Dalkara T, Fishman M, Moskowitz M . Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Science. 1994; 265(5180):1883-5. DOI: 10.1126/science.7522345. View

10.

Richardson P, Davies M, Born G . Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution on fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Lancet. 1989; 2(8669):941-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90953-7. View

11.

Stein J, Rosenson R . Treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia lowers plasma viscosity. Atherosclerosis. 1998; 137(2):401-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00285-2. View

12.

Lee A, Mowbray P, Lowe G, Rumley A, Fowkes F, Allan P . Blood viscosity and elevated carotid intima-media thickness in men and women: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation. 1998; 97(15):1467-73. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.15.1467. View

13.

Carr S, Farb A, Pearce W, Virmani R, Yao J . Atherosclerotic plaque rupture in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1996; 23(5):755-65; discussion 765-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(96)70237-9. View

14.

Binns R, Ku D . Effect of stenosis on wall motion. A possible mechanism of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Arteriosclerosis. 1989; 9(6):842-7. DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.9.6.842. View

15.

Rosenson R, Tangney C, Casey L . Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by pravastatin. Lancet. 1999; 353(9157):983-4. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05917-0. View

16.

Arroyo L, Lee R . Mechanisms of plaque rupture: mechanical and biologic interactions. Cardiovasc Res. 1999; 41(2):369-75. DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00308-3. View

17.

Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens D, Ku D . Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988; 112(10):1018-31. View

18.

Kovanen P, Kaartinen M, Paavonen T . Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion or rupture in myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1995; 92(5):1084-8. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1084. View

19.

Rajagopalan S, Meng X, Ramasamy S, Harrison D, Galis Z . Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. J Clin Invest. 1996; 98(11):2572-9. PMC: 507715. DOI: 10.1172/JCI119076. View

20.

. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339(19):1349-57. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199811053391902. View