Prospective Evaluation of the Frequency and Clinical Significance of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic and Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Community Cases of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objectives: To evaluate the frequencies of antineutrophil cytoplasmic (ANCA), anticardiolipin (aCLA) and anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein 1 antibodies (abeta(2)-GP1A) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of limited duration in patients recruited primarily from private practitioners (80%), and to attempt to correlate the presence of these antibodies with certain clinical and/or biological criteria. Patients and methods. Patients (n = 102) with RA evolving for <5 yr (mean 2.2 yr) were recruited. A home evaluation collected clinical data [Ritchie articular index, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) index, extra-articular manifestations] and blood for biological analyses [C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor, ANCA, aCLA, abeta(2)-GP1A]. ANCA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on neutrophils and their specificity was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by immunoblotting; aCLA and abeta(2)-GP1A were detected by ELISA.

Results: Patients had mild RA (Ritchie = 11/78 +/- 9.6; HAQ = 0.79/3 +/- 0.7), probably due to the recruitment procedure. ANCA, aCLA and abeta(2)-GP1A frequencies were 18.5, 7 and 0%, respectively. Titres of ANCA and aCLA were low. A perinuclear ANCA staining pattern was exclusively observed and lactoferrin was shown to be the major antigen recognized. No relationship was found between ANCA and aCLA and/or rheumatoid factor, or any clinical manifestations. ANCA were more common in RA of longer duration (cut-off: 4 yr; P = 0.05) and aCLA were correlated with the CRP level (P = 0.05).

Conclusions: In RA of recent onset, ANCA and aCLA were detected at low titres and frequencies, and were not associated with any clinical manifestations. A longitudinal study is needed to determine whether their early appearance is predictive of subsequent disease severity.