[Prevention of Anastomotic Dehiscence in Colorectal Surgery]

Anastomotic leakage is a major cause of mortality in colorectal surgery. Some variables associated with a high-risk level for anastomotic leakage have been identified, including denutrition, obesity, smoking, level of the anastomoses, qualification of the surgeon. Several methods have been evaluated in order to prevent anastomotic leakage. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy has been recommended, but has no effect on the rate of anastomotic leakage. Optimal preoperative colonic preparation appears to be obtained with povidone iodine enemas associated with a low residue diet. Stapling gives better results than sutures only for difficult anastomoses. Colostomy does not prevent leakage but minimizes its consequences. Omentoplasty, peritoneal drainage, gastric tube, biofragmentable anastomotic ring, and Coloshield have demonstrated their efficacy.