Effect of Calcium Concentration, Hardening Agent and Drying Condition on Release Characteristics of Oral Proteins from Calcium Pectinate Gel Beads

Pectin has been investigated for its ability to produce solid calcium pectinate gel (CPG) beads containing bovine serum albumin (BSA). Several factors can influence the properties and release characteristics of the CPG beads. In this study, the effect of calcium concentration, hardening agent and drying condition on the encapsulation and release characteristics of BSA from the matrix gel beads made of calcium pectinate were studied. BSA release studies under conditions mimicking mouth to colon transit have shown that calcium pectinate protects the drug from being released completely in the physiological environment of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and is susceptible to the enzymatic action with consequent drug release. In addition, the release of BSA from CPG beads was strongly affected by calcium concentration and drying condition. However, the release was not particularly affected by the presence of hardening agent at the concentration of 1% or lower. Since the release of BSA as a model protein drug could be controlled by the regulation of the preparation conditions of CPG beads, the CPG beads may be used for a potential oral controlled release system for protein drugs.