Release of Caspase-9 from Mitochondria During Neuronal Apoptosis and Cerebral Ischemia

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 1999 May 13

PMID 10318956

Citations 122

Authors

S Krajewski

M Krajewska

L M Ellerby

K Welsh

Z Xie

Q L Deveraux

G S Salvesen

D E Bredesen

R E Rosenthal

G Fiskum

J C Reed

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Caspase-9 is critical for cytochrome c (cyto-c)-dependent apoptosis and normal brain development. We determined that this apical protease in the cyto-c pathway for apoptosis resides inside mitochondria in several types of cells, including cardiomyocytes and many neurons. Caspase-9 is released from isolated mitochondria on treatment with Ca2+ or Bax, stimuli implicated in ischemic neuronal cell death that are known to induce cyto-c release from mitochondria. In neuronal cell culture models, apoptosis-inducing agents trigger translocation of caspase-9 from mitochondria to the nucleus, which is inhibitable by Bcl-2. Similarly, in an animal model of transient global cerebral ischemia, caspase-9 release from mitochondria and accumulation in nuclei was observed in hippocampal and other vulnerable neurons exhibiting early postischemic changes preceding apoptosis. Loss of mitochondrial barrier function during neuronal damage from ischemia or other insults therefore may play an important role in making certain caspases available to participate in apoptosis.

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