MerR Cross-links to the Alpha, Beta, and Sigma 70 Subunits of RNA Polymerase in the Preinitiation Complex at the MerTPCAD Promoter

MerR, the metalloregulator of the mercury resistance (mer) operon, binds the operator (merO)between -10 and -35 of the merTPCAD promoter (PT) and sequesters RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a closed complex. MerR represses PT until Hg(II) induces it to underwind merO DNA and thus facilitate open complex formation. We used cross-linking to determine if direct contacts between MerR and RNAP also occur during this process. MerR cross-linked to the alpha, beta, and sigma70 subunits of RNAP alone, indicating stable contacts which were further stabilized upon forming the preinitiation complex at PT. Hg(II) did not eliminate any of the MerR-RNAP cross-links but did increase the relative abundance of a MerR dimer conformer. Interference by MerR with self-cross-links among RNAP subunits and the formation of an electrophoretically stable association between MerR and RNAP also indicated MerR-RNAP interactions. This is the first evidence for stable physical contacts between MerR and RNAP and for a Hg(II)-induced allosteric change in MerR in the transcription-competent complex.